| Here follows a brief treatise on some
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| | blade (usually during his preparation to
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| selected concepts and terms having to do
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| | attack).
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| with foil fencing. It is not an
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| | The trompement -- made at the end of a
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| exhaustive work. I have used it as a
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| | feint, deceiving your opponent's parry
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| handout for my University of Wisconsin
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| | and hitting him. Note that deceiving your
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| foil classes.
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| | opponent's parry involves completely
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| I place the following text in the public
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| | avoiding it. No grazing contact may
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| domain: Beginning Foil Fencing: Concepts
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| | occur, else the feint is considered to
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| and Terms Lines -- according to the
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| | have been parried.
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| French system of fencing, space above
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| | A period of fencing time -- the time it
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| your bell guard is high line; space below
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| | takes to execute a single fencing action
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| is low line.
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| | (such as a parry, a remise, a thrust,
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| For right-handers, the space to the right
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| | etc.). This is relative time, not
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| of their bell guard is outside line;
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| | absolute time.
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| space to the left of the guard is inside
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| | Cadence -- the rhythm and sequence of a
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| line. Thus we have four quadrants known
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| | series of consecutive periods of fencing
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| as lines: high-outside, high-inside,
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| | time. A skilled fencer will use changes
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| low-outside, and low-inside. As the
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| | in cadence to cause the opponent to
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| fencer's bell guard moves around, his
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| | mistime his defence. Cadence is also
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| target surfaces they may be found in
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| | sometimes called "tempo." In-fighting --
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| different lines. For example, an octave
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| | fencing at closed distance.
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| invito with the bell guard next to the
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| | Transitions (movements between parry
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| front thigh would leave the flank in that
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| | positions): Lateral (quarte to sixte,
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| fencer's high-inside line. Should that
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| | septime to octave, and vice-versa).
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| fencer assume a lifted septime parry his
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| | Vertical (octave to lifted sixte, octave
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| flank would be in his low outside line.
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| | to lifted septime and vice-versa)
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| Distances: closed distance -- The
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| | Circular (the counter parries: contre de
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| opposing fencer is so close that you must
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| | sixte, contre d'octave, etc.)
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| withdraw your weapon arm to bring the
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| | Semi-circular (sixte to septime, octave
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| point of your foil to target surface.
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| | to quarte, and vice-versa) Transfers --
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| short distance -- You can reach your
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| | moving the opponent's blade around with
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| opponent's target surface by simply
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| | your bell guard and forte.
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| extending your arm.
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| | Prises de fer (either as a preparation or
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| middle distance -- You can reach your
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| | as a thrust) -- taking the opponent's
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| opponent's target surface by lunging.
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| | blade: Opposition -- deflecting the
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| long distance -- You can reach your
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| | opponent's blade with your bell guard
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| opponent's target surface by
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| | while thrusting at him.
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| advance-lunging, jump-lunging, or
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| | Envelopment -- transferring the
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| fleching. out-of-distance -- You are
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| | opponent's blade around in circular
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| beyond long distance.
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| | fashion to the same position the
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| Critical distance -- you are so close to
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| | envelopment began from. Bind --
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| your opponent that you can hit him with
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| | transferring the opponent's blade around
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| an attack before he can physically
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| | in semi-circular fashion to the
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| respond.
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| | diagonally opposite position. For
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| Analysis: (the referee's account the of
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| | example, the sixth bind thrust would
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| various fencing actions leading up to a
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| | begin with opposition septime and finish
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| hit in combat): "In line" or
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| | in opposition sixte. The fourth bind
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| "point-in-line" -- The weapon arm and
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| | would begin in octave and finish in
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| weapon are extended and held pointing
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| | quarte.
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| straight at the opponent's target
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| | Croise -- normally made as a riposte
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| surface. Such a passive threat must not
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| | which transfers the opponent's blade up
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| be lept upon by that opponent.
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| | or down to the vertically opposite
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| This passive threat must have been
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| | position. Unlike binds, croises are
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| clearly established before any offensive
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| | numbered from their starting positions.
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| action begun by the opponent if it is to
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| | Also called glide thrusts.
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| be recognized as a "point-in-line." The
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| | Engagement -- Fencing with the blades
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| attack -- the initial offensive action,
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| | crossed in a contact state. Fencing
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| wherin the attacker actively and
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| | without engagements is fencing with
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| progressively threatens his opponent with
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| | "absence of blade." Disengagement --
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| being hit; usually begun by extending the
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| | changing lines by going around the
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| arm and penetrating across the fencing
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| | opponent's bell guard.
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| distance through the use of footwork.
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| | Counter-disengagement -- avoiding an
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| Attacks may be simple (executed in one
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| | opponent's change of engagement. Also
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| period of fencing time),composed
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| | deceiving an opponent's counter-parry.
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| (including one or more feints), prepared
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| | Invito -- inviting an attack by taking up
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| (as preceded by a beat, a change of
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| | an en garde in an exaggerated parry
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| engagement, a pris de fer preparation,
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| | position.
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| etc.), direct (into the same line as the
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| | Press -- forcefully opening a closed
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| engagement), or indirect (into a
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| | engagement. Also invites a disengage.
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| different line from that of the
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| | Interception thrust -- a strong thrust
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| engagement).
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| | which interposes the bell guard or forte
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| The riposte -- thrust you make
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| | athwart the path of an opponent's
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| immediately after parrying an opponent's
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| | disengagement. This action is usually
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| attack.
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| | made as a type of counter-offensive
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| A delayed riposte -- when a riposte is
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| | action. Also known as "temps
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| not made immediately after the parry and
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| | d'interception." Arret a bon temps -- a
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| the opponent begins a remise first, the
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| | counter-offensive action which hits the
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| remise of the attack will have priority
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| | opponent before he initiates his final
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| of action.
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| | action. Thus it is a period of fencing
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| The counter-riposte -- the thrust made
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| | time ahead and gains priority of action.
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| immediately after parrying your
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| | Also known as a "stop-hit" or "coup
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| opponent's riposte.
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| | d'arret." Coup de temps -- a
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| The second counter-riposte -- the thrust
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| | counter-offensive thrust made with
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| made immediately after parrying your
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| | opposition which deflects an opponent's
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| opponent's counter-riposte, etc.
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| | thrust. Also known confusingly as a
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| The remise -- a second thrust you make
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| | "time-hit." Attacking in second intention
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| right after your first thrust into that
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| | -- attacking without the intention to hit
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| line fails to hit. Such an action should
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| | immediately, but rather anticipating the
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| be analysed as a remise of the attack, a
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| | opponent's riposte and setting up a
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| remise of the riposte, etc. It is
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| | dynamic counter-riposte action to deal
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| possible to make a remise of any type of
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| | with it.
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| thrust. Remises are commonly used against
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| | Tension parry -- resisting the pressure
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| opponents that do not riposte after
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| | of an opponent's opposition thrust by
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| parrying. The remiser does not
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| | forcing blade and arm into a strong
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| appreciably withdraw his weapon arm in
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| | opposition parry which through brute
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| making his remise.
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| | force closes the threatened line. Tension
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| The counter-attack -- thrusting against
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| | parries are vulnerable to timely
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| an attack instead of parrying it.
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| | disengagements and may also result in
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| The derobement -- avoiding your
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| | pulling a muscle in the fore-arm.
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| opponent's attempt to strike or take your
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